Which component primarily contributes to the inflammatory effect when ACE II activity is limited?

Which component primarily contributes to the inflammatory effect when ACE II activity is limited?

• A. Bradykinin
• B. Angiotensin II
• C. Histamine
• D. Cytokines

Answer: (B)

When angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity is limited, the primary contributor to inflammation is angiotensin II. ACE2 plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin system by converting angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7), which has protective cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory effects. When ACE2 is not functioning properly, levels of angiotensin II increase, leading to several inflammatory responses. Angiotensin II itself is known to promote vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure, and stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators. It activates pathways that result in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing inflammation and tissue damage. This overactivity of angiotensin II can lead to a state of chronic inflammation, particularly in conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and lung diseases. In contrast, while bradykinin, histamine, and cytokines do contribute to inflammation, they do not primarily stem from the direct inhibition of ACE2 activity. Bradykinin is involved in vasodilation and can exacerbate inflammation under certain conditions, but it is not the key player in the mechanism involving ACE2. Histamine is released by mast cells and contributes to allergic responses and local inflammation rather

When angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity is limited, the primary contributor to inflammation is angiotensin II. ACE2 plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin system by converting angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7), which has protective cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory effects. When ACE2 is not functioning properly, levels of angiotensin II increase, leading to several inflammatory responses.

Angiotensin II itself is known to promote vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure, and stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators. It activates pathways that result in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancing inflammation and tissue damage. This overactivity of angiotensin II can lead to a state of chronic inflammation, particularly in conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and lung diseases.

In contrast, while bradykinin, histamine, and cytokines do contribute to inflammation, they do not primarily stem from the direct inhibition of ACE2 activity. Bradykinin is involved in vasodilation and can exacerbate inflammation under certain conditions, but it is not the key player in the mechanism involving ACE2. Histamine is released by mast cells and contributes to allergic responses and local inflammation rather